Description
Understanding the properties and dynamics of energetic electrons in solar flares is critical for advancing our knowledge of flare energy release and particle acceleration. A key challenge lies in the fact that electrons of different energies are best probed by observations at different wavelengths. Hard X-ray (HXR) observations serve as powerful diagnostics for high-energy accelerated electrons, while EUV observations from AIA are sensitive to plasma below approximately 20 MK. Recent studies employing the warm-target HXR emission model in a kappa-form electron distribution, have shown that the accelerated electrons across the full energy range can be effectively constrained. In this study, we analyze two GOES M-class limb flares using both warm-target HXR model and differential emission measure (DEM) diagnostics to characterize flare-associated electrons. Our results confirm that the warm-target model can well constrain the flare-associated electrons when accounting for differences in thermal parameters derived from X-ray spectra compared to those from DEM analysis. Furthermore, DEM diagnostics offer valuable insights into the thermal environment of potential acceleration or injection sites. By comparing the DEM distributions with the mean electron flux spectra, we demonstrate that accelerated electrons represent only a small fraction of the total electron population within the flaring region. This study highlights the effectiveness of the warm-target model, when combined with DEM diagnostics, in capturing the key characteristics of flare-associated electron populations.
