Description
The rapid expansion of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellations, such as Starlink and OneWeb, has transformed global connectivity but poses a challenge to ground-based optical astronomy. Satellite reflections disrupt imaging pipelines, degrade signal-to-noise ratios, and compromise the scientific output of major observatories, including the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, which is expected to detect satellite trails in a significant fraction of its wide-field observations. Additionally, small space objects contribute approximately 10% to the natural sky brightness, while planned mega-constellations are projected to increase sky brightness by up to 1% in the worst-affected regions through discrete contamination.
With thousands more satellites planned for launch over the next decade, the requirement for mitigation strategies is growing. In this context, we present an interdisciplinary collaboration between astronomers at the University of Surrey, and materials scientists at Surrey Nanosystems, aimed at reducing satellite brightness with novel surface treatments. We report on the qualification of Vantablack® 310, a low-reflectance, space-grade coating, for application on a student-led satellite mission. The coating has been engineered to withstand the harsh conditions of LEO while significantly reducing visual signatures across a range of viewing angles.
We discuss the expected impact of Vantablack® 310 on satellite photometric profiles, its integration into standard satellite design, and the broader implications for astronomy–satellite coordination frameworks. By addressing the increasing threat of satellite interference, this work seeks to harmonize the benefits of global connectivity with the protection of astronomical research and the natural night sky.
